3 Separation Systems

Dissolved ionic material from water is removed by demineralization process. This process is followed to obtain pure water. Demineralization takes place in an ion exchange unit called as demineralizer or deionizer that consist of cation bed, an anion bed and a mixed bed in series.
 

Membrane filtration is a technique which is used to separate particles from a liquid for the purpose of purifying it. This filtration method has a number of applications, ranging from treating wastewater to filtering milk used for cheese production, and there are several different approaches to membrane filtration.

Reverse Osmosis (RO) - This short paper looks at the use of Reverse osmosis (RO) in process water treatment applications, and considers the process itself, the use of reverse osmosis membranes, and factors affecting quality and performance.
 

Ultrafiltration (UF) is a membrane separation technique used to separate extremely small particles and dissolved molecules in fluids. The primary basis for separation is molecular size, although other factors such as molecule shape and charge can also play a role.  

Every household and every factory uses water, and none of it is pure. One class of impurity that is of special interest is "hardness". This refers to the presence of dissolved ions, mainly of calcium Ca2+ and magnesium Mg2+which are acquired through contact with rocks and sediments in the environment.